America s Growing Coffee Since Colonial Times - 1723 Words

Rwandans have been growing coffee since colonial times, but until 1999 the product was classed below Grade C, making it unsalable on the global markets.[1][2] The farmers did not have the means to wash and prepare their coffee cherries to specifications in a timely manner. Buyers paid US$0.33 per kilogram, a price that kept the farmers poor.[3] In 1999, 220 coffee growers formed an association in the Maraba district (part of the former Butare Province) to tackle this problem. Many of these farmers had lost family members during the 1994 genocide, while others had husbands in prison, accused of participating in the killings and due to face trial in the traditional gacaca courts.[4] They named the association Abahuzamugambi, a Kinyarwanda†¦show more content†¦PEARL started working with Abahuzamugambi in February 2001 to improve the coffee quality to standards required by the specialty coffee market in the United States.[5] The coffee farmers of Maraba first needed a washing station to remove sugar from the coating of the coffee bean, under the skin. If this sugar is not removed within 12 hours of picking, the flavour of the coffee is impaired.[6] They built the first station in July 2001 in the Cyarumbo sector, close to the main road, with funding from UNR, the Office des Cultures Industrielles du Rwanda (OCIR-Cafà ©), ACDI/VOCA, and the Institut des Sciences Agronomiques du Rwanda (ISAR). The opening was late in the harvest season, so only 200 kilograms (441 lb) of that year s harvest were suitable for washing. However, the results were reasonably good, and the station was upgraded to allow more coffee to be processed in 2002. To bring mineral water from Mount Huye to the upgraded station, ACDI/VOCA helped fund a pipeline, which opened in March 2002.[5] A new certification system was introduced for the 2002 harvest to ensure that beans brought to the station were of suitable quality. Around half of the Abahuzamugambi membership attained the certification, which allowed the cooperative to look for serious buyers in the specialty markets of Europe and North America.[5] International acceptance[edit] The Cyarumba washing station PEARL brought a

What does Tone have to do with it - 1470 Words

What does tone have to do with it? People learn rhetorical devices as soon as they can speak. Phrases like, â€Å"watch your tone,† â€Å"use your words,† â€Å"don’t guilt trip,† and many others are taught to children while they develop skills to communicate and disagree affectively. As people grow older, they become more adept at developing convincing arguments. The use of specific types of: tone, diction, and the pistes allow a rhetor to influence an audience. Two people that used these rhetorical devices to great effect were Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X. King was a Baptist minister and humanitarian. X was a Muslim minister and activist. However, the two possessed diametrically opposed political philosophies. King pursued social reform by following in the peaceful tradition set forth by Mahatma Gandhi (Dasa). Malcolm X, on the other hand, was not averse to using violence. During the African-American Civil Rights Movement that occurred betwee n 1954-1968 in the United States, X and King delivered a number of addresses in an attempt to affect social reform. Racism and segregation ran rampant in the 1900s, and the African-American movement of the 1960s was a massive step toward establishing racial equality in the United States. King and X led two extremely different approaches toward establishing equality. On one side, King spearheaded the nonviolent and passive approach. X was on the other end of the spectrum. He promoted immediate action and violence if necessary in order toShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Poem Blue Butterfly Day 1263 Words   |  6 Pagesflurries just like snow. What does this comparison say about how the speaker of the poem feels about the butterflies? The speaker could have said the butterflies â€Å"dropped to the ground in mangled clumps.† How would that comparison have changed the feel of the poem? In this lesson we will examine how comparisons affect the feel of the poem. Today s lesson objective is: Students will explain how the author’s use of similes and/or metaphors contributes to the meaning and tone of the poem. Take aRead MoreSymbolism, Tone and Mood757 Words   |  4 PagesSymbolism, Tone and Mood: An Overview and Review What is a symbol? †¢ A  symbol is  an  ordinary  object,  event,  person,   animal,  or  color  to  which  we  have  attached  a  special   meaning  and  significance. †¢ So,  symbolism is  simply  the  act  of  attaching  inner meaning  to  outward  things. So what is Literary Symbolism? †¢ When  the  author  uses  an  object  or  reference  to  add  deeper   meaning  to  a  story.   †¢ Can  be  subtle  or  obvious,  used  sparingly  or  heavy† handedly.   †¢ An  author  may  repeatedly  use  the  same  object  to  convey  Read More Tone-Deafness Essay1560 Words   |  7 PagesTone-Deafness Few people know the range of the different types of tone deafness. However, many people think they have it. Tone deafness is does not refer to a problem with the ears, but to a lack of training. Tone deafness is easy to fix by training the ears and the vocal muscles. Lancet is a music professor in Boston who is tone-deaf (Lancet 2001). Lancet express, tone deafness is a term that tends to be applied indiscriminately to a constellation of music processing, perceptual, and productionRead MoreDisplacement, a Theme in Maya Angelou ´s I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings1603 Words   |  6 PagesThe critics also note that Angelous diction and tone allow her pain and suffering to be evident throughout her novel and into her life. Angelous use of setting shows how she was personally affected by displacement. She also uses characterization and tone to personalize her childhood experiences. Maya Angelou’s autobiography I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings is critiqued to have a theme of disp lacement based on the setting, characterization, and tone. Many scholars note that the setting in AngelousRead MoreRecipe, By Janice Mirikitani And Mr. Z By M. Carl Holman1473 Words   |  6 PagesSometimes what the words say and other times how the words look on the page. Either way poetry is a beautiful thing that is greatly needed and beneficial for life. A major concept on the poetry world is the speaker. The speaker is basically the voice that the poem is supposed to be read in. It is rarely fair to assume that the author and the speaker are the same person. Tone is how one is intended to feel as well as the emotions that are supposed to be left. Sort of a lasting impression on what emotionsRead MoreEssay on Eng 102 Short Story735 Words   |  3 Pagesorganize your ideas by developing a one-page thesis statement and outline for your essay.   Format the thesis statement and the outline in a single Word document using MLA, APA, or Turabian style (whichever corresponds to your degree program).   You have the opportunity to receive helpful instructor feedback if you submit just this thesis and outline by the end of Module/Week 2. The essay is due by the end of Module/Week 3, and should include a title page, thesis statement, and outline, followed byRead MoreENG 102 fiction essay instruction768 Words   |  4 Pagesorganize your ideas by developing a 1-page thesis statement and outline for your essay. Format the thesis statement and the outline in a single Word document using current MLA, APA, or Turabian style (whichever corresponds to your degree program). You have the opportunity to submit your thesis and outline by 11:59 p.m. (ET) on Monday of Module/Week 2 for instructor feedback. The essay is due by 11:59 p.m. (ET) on Monday of Module/Week 3 and must include a title page (see the General Writing Requirements)Read MoreEssay on Outliers: Out of the Ordinary1081 Words   |  5 Pagesdifferent case study in each chapter to support a particular argument concerning success. Despite his indifference and suppression in regards to counterarguments, Gladwell’s claims are effective for many reasons, including through the accounts of experts, tone and style of writing, and the technique he utilizes when opening a chapter. First, Gladwell’s claims are impressively effective as a direct result of his use of professional expertise. Perhaps one of the most important aspects in chapter two, entitledRead MoreThe Fight Against The Term Redskin 977 Words   |  4 Pageswill interpret what you said. Waldron effectively uses both diction and tone as well as ethos, pathos, and logos to enhance his content. The article does an incredible job of convincing its readers to think the way Waldron wants the readers to think. The style Waldron uses in his article makes the reader think more along the lines of how he wants them to. Waldron strategically uses a style like this so he can sway readers to think the way he wants them to. One way that Waldron does so is through hisRead MoreThe Effects of Demonstrative Communication792 Words   |  4 Pagestoday. The one way that I really want to look at is the demonstrative communication. This is one type of communication that we all do and have done, but I do not think that people realize just how many aspects there are to demonstrative communication. Demonstrative communication is nonverbal and unwritten communications that involve such aspects of facial expressions, tone of voice and body language. When you think of communication, you automatically think of someone having a verbal conversation with

Law Enforcement And Civil Rights Violations - 1166 Words

A. Police misconduct cases are those brought against law enforcement agents and agencies under 42 U.S.C  §1983 or a corresponding state laws that allege improper police action. 1. These cases can include allegations such as excessive force, false imprisonment, failure to provide protection, or wrongful death. 2. Currently, the most viable way of redress for rights’ violations is through civil suits. 3. However, civil rights plaintiffs face unique and substantial barriers to successfully prosecuting their claims. a. As New York Times reporter Erwin Chemerinsky notes, â€Å"In recent years, the court has made it very difficult, and often impossible, to hold police officers and the governments that employ them accountable for civil rights violations. This undermines the ability to deter illegal police behavior and leaves victims without compensation.† B. When damages are awarded in such cases, municipalities are typically required to indemnify an officer when the judgment results from the performance of his or her duties, provided that it was not caused by that officer’s willful or malicious misconduct. 1. This practice is premised on the assumption that exposing officers to liability will act as an over-deterrent. a. It is surmised that the fear of retribution would lead individuals to shy away from becoming police officers or cause those who are police officers to shirk their required duties. 2. Additionally, it is meant to assure that victims will be able to recover theShow MoreRelatedCongress Passed Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act to Protect Privacy and Health Care699 Words   |  3 PagesP.A.A. policies brought about change in professionalism, medical standards, taxing, and enforcement. Throughout history, maintaining patient privacy has always been a problem in the medical field. Patients have the right to their privacy and the information that they do not want to disclose should be kept privately. Since this was an overly occurring problem, the congress believed that they should make a law to fix this problem. On August 21, 1996, the Health Insurance Portability and AccountabilityRead MoreEssay on Buckle Up! 1303 Words   |  6 Pagesaddressing in this paper are safety, civil liberties, and financial issues of seat belt laws. I am a strong supporter of wearing seatbelts. I think that seat belts save lives but to make it a law does conflict with civil liberties. Do the lives seatbelt save out weight the freedoms it takes? I do not believe you can switch human rights for human life. â€Å"Primary enforcement seat belt laws remain the best way to raise and maintain high seat belt use rates laws increase the use of seat belts. ( NTSBRead MoreCivil Rights Vs. Civil Liberties1259 Words   |  6 PagesPayton Kirk Professor Sherry Sharifian GOVT-2305-71430 24 September 2017 Assignment One: 1 Civil Rights Vs. Civil Liberties As a citizen of the United States, one is granted many protections under law. 2 These protections consist of Civil Rights and Civil Liberties. Varying based on the person, these rights are very valuable and ensure that an individual free of harm for certain situations. Civil Rights and Civil Liberties have evolved over the years as our country continues to further its developmentRead MoreEssay about Laws Governing Unmanned Aircraft: A Literature Review1245 Words   |  5 Pagesthe necessity to formulate a plan to regulate unmanned aircraft operating over the United States. This study will address the major concern voiced by the public’s concern regarding law enforcement using unmanned aircraft for tracking persons and collecting evidence. What are the current laws governing law enforcement use of unmanned aircraft? There have been several legal cases involving aerial surveillance, only one using unmanned aircraft, State v. Brossart (2012). This limits the data concerningRead MoreHealth Insurance Portability And Accountability Act1253 Words   |  6 Pageshealthcare system, they are given patient rights; one of those rights is the right to patient information confidentiality. This right confirms that the patient’s information will only be accessed by care providers, people who are providing reimbursement for care, when information is ordered by the court or if the patient gives written consent for the release of information. The patient is allowed access to view their medical records (Confidentiality, Patients Rights and Responsibilities, 2014). The healthcareRead MoreNational Labor Relations Act Research Paper745 Words   |  3 PagesAct has not. The NLRA provide legal protection to employees to not be terminated for participate in organizing a union. NLRA created a blanket enforceme nt of NLBA rights equal for undocumented workers and U.S. citizens (Zdravecky Hass, 2014). The law does not expressly detail terms who is considered an employee of an employer. The original intent of the law was to provide protection to anyone regularly employed in the U.S. The actions of the NLRA board makes it clear the board felt that undocumentedRead MoreEssay about Public Safety vs. Civil Rights1628 Words   |  7 PagesSafety v. Civil Rights CJA 550 Crystal Shepherd March 7, 2011 The argument of public safety versus civil rights has always been at the forefront of many major political issues in the United States. Civil rights are the foundation of this country, and they protect it’s citizens. But with that, comes the protection of criminals, terrorists, and enemies of the state, and the freedom for these people to move and operate against American ideals. The slightest restrictions on civil rights increasesRead MoreEssay on Controlling Police Through Litigation689 Words   |  3 Pagesimplement policies and procedures to provide consistency and eliminate ambiguity in department practices. These are guidelines are for staff and officers to follow in a variety of different situations. Police policies and procedures may have the force of law, or be considered by a court or jury in determining whether an officer acted lawfully in the line of duty. Procedures related to employee actions can also be subject to legal scrutiny in some cases. A lack of polici es on issues involving the communityRead More The F.B.I. Essay1111 Words   |  5 PagesThe F.B.I. To uphold the law through the investigation of violations of federal criminal law; to protect the U.S. from foreign intelligence and terrorist activities; to provide leadership and law enforcement assistance to federal, state, local, and international agencies; and to perform these responsibilities in a manner that is responsive to the needs of the public and is faithful to the constitution of the U.S.: this is the mission of the Federal Bureau of Investigation. The agency nowRead MoreLegal Evolution of the Exclusionary Rule Essay1607 Words   |  7 Pages The Constitution of the United States was designed to protect citizens civil rights from infringement by the government and law enforcement agencies. The Constitution guarantees that the civil liberties of the people of this country shall be respected and upheld. That fact is often considered to be common knowledge and taken for granted by the vast majority of the population. However it was not always that way. American legislation is constantly growing and developing. New rules and practices

Anne Hutchingson and Freeborn Garrettson - 1207 Words

In 1637, Anne Hutchinson stood trial before the General Court of the Massachusetts Bay Colony. During her examination, she confessed that she had experienced an â€Å"immediate revelation† from God. She described hearing â€Å"the voice of his own spirit to my soul.† After discussion with authorities, John Winthrop concluded that â€Å"†¦this is the thing that hath been the root of all the mischief.† She was found guilty and banished from the colony. In 1775, Freeborn Garrettson had a similar mystical experience. â€Å"In the night I went to bed as usual, and slept till day break: just as I awoke, I was alarmed by an awful voice, ‘Awake, sinner, for you are not prepared to die.’ This was strongly impressed on my mind, as if it had been a human voice†¦show more content†¦When Garrettson had supernatural experiences like this, they served not only as significant moments for him, but also part of the material that he recorded â₠¬Å"for the good of others.† This new emphasis is connected to the shift in authority. People were no longer concerned solely with the opinions of the learned, and as such were free to value their own religious experiences as they saw fit. In such settings, people naturally turned away from common external influences, particularly in worship. The result was a renewed emphasis on individual experiences, such as those reported by Garrettson. Anne Hutchinson’s experience was scrutinized as part of her trial. Garrettson’s was accepted as a legitimate spiritual event. This contrast displays the influence of democracy through the increased acceptance of individual religious experiences. The third impact of democracy on American religion is a sense of grand ambition. The hope and optimism that were so central to democracy often resulted in dreams and aspirations of significant social change and progress. Methodists like Garrettson were particularly noteworthy i n their ambition. Though the Methodist system used a hierarchical system of governance, that system was intended to be a force for liberation. We see this grand ambition of liberation clearly in the life of Garrettson. Shortly

Privacy, Crime, And Prevention - 1933 Words

Privacy, Crime, and Prevention While there are many crimes committed on a daily basis in various forms, people who use computers seldom think about computer crimes, and what measures need to be taken in order to prevent those type of crimes. Also many people who use computers are not aware of the privacy and security measures that are taken advantage of. In order to handle these situations, it is important to be educated on topics such as how to protect your privacy (and who is able to view your personal information without you knowing), the crimes committed dealing with malware and other virus agents, and how to utilize tools and stay away from scams that you may encounter. These topics are important and should be addressed to all of the public, but particularly to children and the elderly who are the least of informed on the ever-changing technological world and how it can directly effect them if precautions are not taken. Protect yourself According to Norton, a well-known security software company, always ensure that your computer software is up to date and apply patches to the software when it becomes available to lessen a hacker attack on your system. Having up firewalls will discourage the hacker and motivate them to find a less vulnerable victim. Also change your password every 90 days, at least, into words or phrases that are not in the dictionary. Latest cyber-crimes and How to Protect Yourself The latest crimes being committed by hackers is stealing yourShow MoreRelatedPublic Surveillance Impinging on Our Privacy and Assist for Crime Prevention1620 Words   |  7 PagesPUBLIC SURVEILLANCE IMPINGING ON OUR PRIVACY AND ASSIST FOR CRIME PREVENTION In the modern world there have been a lot of technological advances within societies. Technology concerns about security and surveillance has changed the thoughts of people. This surveillance technology consist of spying video cameras, CCTV security and surveillance cameras, surveillance electronic communications, face recognition and many others. Some people think this technology is okay while others carry a differentRead MorePros and Cons of Installing Closed-Circuit Television Cameras in Classrooms to Prevent Misbehavior1512 Words   |  7 PagesInstallation of surveillance camera systems as a way to deter crimes or criminal acts has gained traction in recent years. In some countries, surveillance camera systems – also known as closed circuit television (CCTV) cameras – have also installed in educational institutions as a security measure to address fears for the safety of the students (Hope, 2004; Corpuz, 2011). The trend, however, did not stop. From halls and corr idors, some education institutions have started to install cameras insideRead MoreGenetic Privacy And The Human Genome Project1480 Words   |  6 PagesWith bounding advances in the field of genetics, genetic privacy has sparked a controversy. In the 1980s, the Human Genome Project was formulated to sequence the entirety of the human genome. The first draft of this project was published in Nature in February, 2001, about 10 percent short of completion (National Institutes of Health [NIH], 2015). Originally, scientists had hypothesized that there was anywhere from 50,000 to 140,000 genes, but after the release of this first draft and the later completionRead MorePublic Challenges Of The Australian Public Faces885 Words   |  4 Pageshuman privacy. It is without doubt this bill has obscured our rights behind a discourse of technological subjectivity, allowing for the creation of a framework within which rules can be adjusted and expanded through ministerial regulations, the foundat ions upon which the government will be able to extrapolate control beyond the confines of â€Å"national security†. In this digital era, the aggressive collection of personal information hence involves serious implications upon individual privacy, conduitsRead MoreSituation Crime Prevention614 Words   |  3 PagesSituational Crime Prevention There are many strategies that can be considered situational crime prevention strategies. Pick one of the following crime reduction strategies. 1. Improved Street Lighting 2. Surveillance Cameras on street 3. Use of access control for buildings 4. Electronic merchandise tags 5. Red light cameras After picking one of the 5 techniques outlined above do some research on it. First state what the techniques does and why it would be hypothesized to decreaseRead MoreSurveillance Camera1467 Words   |  6 Pageshave been very successful in reducing crime in the workplace and in public, but they are also a tool for their users to spy on peoples private business. Surveillance is a close observation of a person or a group, especially one under suspicion for the purpose of influencing, directing, managing, or protecting. It creates both positive and negative effects. It is very useful for governments and law enforcements to maintain social control, prevent crimes, recognize threats, investigating criminalRead MoreCCTV Systems Role in Reducing Crime Essay1423 Words   |  6 PagesCCTV Systems Role in Reducing Crime The general purpose of the CCTV is to prevent and reduce crime. In theory, this happens because of one or more of these reasons: 1. Deterrence: potential burglars and thieves may see the camera and decide that a store in question is too much of a risk and therefore not a good target. 2. Prosecution: thieves and shoplifters may be caught on camera and this can help catch and prosecute them. 3. Fear reduction: if everyone knowsRead MoreThe Dangers Of Government Surveillance And Why It Should Be Stopped1465 Words   |  6 Pagestechnologies on democratic rights is during RD.† Now, more than ever before should we as a country be worried about government surveillance. The government claims it is for our protection and sure they’re are some benefits. Terrorist attacks stopped, crime prevention, and leads to murders, rapes, and drug trafficking. But, where is the line drawn, how democratic is it really, and whose best interest is really in mind? Should stipulations be set? This topic is a hot discussion in newsrooms, classrooms andRead More Internet Privacy: Government Should Not Regulate Encryption or Cryptography998 Words   |  4 PagesInternet Privacy: Government Should Not Regulate Encryption or Cryptography Privacy rights have been an important issue through out time, and it has been increasing in importance as we have moved into the electronic/information age. Keeping that privacy had become a growing concern for many businesses and consumers. With all the information being sent across the web, people are very concerned about their personal information falling into the wrong hands. One way to help protect your privacy on theRead MoreThe Impact of Crime on an Individual and the Society1248 Words   |  5 PagesIMPACT OF CRIME ON INDIVIDUAL AND THE SOCIETY Transnational organized crime is regarded as one of the main threats to human security, hindering the social, economic, political and cultural expansion of societies internationally. It is a multi-faceted occurrence and has manifested itself in diverse activities, among others, drug trafficking, human trafficking; firearm deals; smuggling of migrants; money laundering; etc. particularly drug trafficking is one of the chief activities of organized crime

Secular Stagnation Determinants and Consequences

Question: Discuss about the Secular Stagnation for Determinants and Consequences. Answer: Introduction: A bubble is the phenomenon that occurs within the economy because of land boom. The speculation of people along with the demand and exuberance leads to an upward escalation in the price of housing (David 2016). Under this circumstance, the price quoted is greater than the intrinsic value of the house. Abiding by the law of demand, the sudden escalation in price leads to sharp decline in peoples demand while supply remaining constant (Scutt 2016). Hence, bubble is formed in the market. Recently over the past few years, Australia is facing this phenomenon as is shown in the diagram below. Charles Ponzi introduced the notion of Ponzi scheme back in 1920. It is a scheme where huge amount of return is provided on investment at the initial stage. This return is obtained from the investment made by other investors and the chain continues (Jain 2015). In this way, the investors are beguiled and the swindle is spread throughout the nation. The sudden upward escalation in the building approval in Australian housing market is going to result in construction of more houses and apartments. This in turn would increase the supply while the demand remains constant. As a consequence, the price of housing and other real estate markets is going to get reduced sharply, leading to bubble burst within the economy. The diagram below explains the scenario. The initial equilibrium was at the point where the demand curve (D) and the supply curve (S) intersected. The equilibrium price quantity supplied were P * and Q* respectively. As a consequence of increased building approval supply increased and there has been an outward shift of the curve from S* to S1. As a result the price of house fell from P* to P and quantity supplied increased to Q. The process of elimination or reduction of government intervention in the financial sector is known as financial de-regulation. This is usually done to improve the competitive competency of the particular industry. This process has a severe control over the demand and supply of housing (Pickering 2015). As a result of de-regulation, the financial markets gets competitive in nature and as a consequence the interest rate gets lowered. It has been observed in past that due to financial de-regulation there has been an upward escalation in the demand for houses (Scutt 2016). With lowered interest rate, people have to pay less return on a certain sum of money, which in turn makes them better off. Under the competitive nature, free hands work creating a match between the demand and supply. As a result, the consumers are benefitted due to lowered interest rate and the banks are benefitted as more customers take up loans. Thereby, welfare is established in the economy due to de-regulation. Oligopoly is the market structure where there is existence of dominance by few numbers of sellers or firms. Other firms may exist in the market with negligible market power. In case of Australia, the media outlets, retail stores and the banking sector shows oligopoly structure (Taylor and Tyers 2017). Australia has been dominated by 4 major banks namely Commonwealth Bank, Westpac, ANZ and NAB. The ACCC has termed Australias banking sector to be cosy in nature. The 4 major banks has control over the entire banking industry and they manipulate the interest rate while working on the same line of principle (Eyres 2016). Competition in this industry is negligible instead while working with same principle, these banks often comes close to one another in terms of its operation and hence it has received the term cosy oligopoly. References: David, L. (2016). As Australia's housing bubble gets bigger, the Reserve Bank prepares to blame Trump | Lindsay David. [online] the Guardian. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2016/dec/01/as-australias-housing-bubble-gets-bigger-the-reserve-bank-prepares-to-blame-trump [Accessed 29 Jan. 2017]. Eyres, J. (2016). ACCC warns 'cosy' banks it is concerned about competition. [online] The Sydney Morning Herald. Available at: https://www.smh.com.au/business/banking-and-finance/accc-warns-cosy-banks-it-is-concerned-about-competition-20160322-gnojod.html [Accessed 29 Jan. 2017]. Jain, A., 2015. Easy Money: The greatest Ponzi scheme ever and how it is set to destroy the global financial system.Abhigyan,33(2), pp.79-80. Pickering, C. (2015). An omen for Australian house prices. [online] Theaustralian.com.au. Available at: https://www.theaustralian.com.au/business/business-spectator/an-omen-for-australian-house-prices/news-story/cdee8d0ab8b2148360ee5588fac53004 [Accessed 29 Jan. 2017]. Scutt, D. (2016). In the week we've had a warning on oversupply, Australian apartment approvals just exploded again. [online] Business Insider Australia. Available at: https://www.businessinsider.com.au/australian-building-approvals-surged-in-july-to-second-highest-monthly-total-on-record-2016-8 [Accessed 29 Jan. 2017]. Taylor, G. and Tyers, R., 2017. Secular stagnation: Determinants and consequences for Australia.

Edwin Powell Hubble Essay Example For Students

Edwin Powell Hubble: Essay Great Astronomer of the 19th CenturyTwinkle, twinkle little star,How I wonder what you are!Up above the world so high,Like a diamond in the sky (Gardner 98). Stars are a marvelous wonder to many people, that is why some people spend most of their lives wondering what is above the world so high (Gardner 98). These people study and map the little twinkling stars in order to get a better meaning of them; they are astronomers. Great astronomers like Edwin Hubble, Immanuel Kant, and William Huggins, never stopped valuing the beauty of the stars. While they developed great astronomical principals. One astronomer who fits this mold most is, Edwin Powell Hubble. Wondering about what was out in the universe led to the construction of the 200-in reflector telescope, the most high-powered of its day. Using this high-powered telescope he went on to prove that there were other galaxies beside the Milky Way and was able to formulate Hubbles law, which linked the distance of galaxies to their speed. Through his work, Edwin Hubble impacted the scientific world in the twentieth century because of devotion to research, curiosity about the universe, and exp ertise at mapping galaxies. Devotion is one characteristic in Hubble that allowed him to do his work so well. Whether it was devotion to his family or to his work. It started when he was just a youth; he was in a family of seven children and was expected to earn money for the family (Whitney 222). Hubbles devotion was mental and also physical. Hubble worked at Mount Wilson for most of his career. Here, he spent hundreds of bone-numbing hours in the observers cage at Mount Wilson telescope. Anyone who has spent time in the cage knows what an extraordinary effort of will it can demand: total concentration, and an ability to suppress shivers in the constant chill, lest you vibrate the telescope. (Smoot 42). Hubbles hard work and long hours were recognized by his fellow astronomers. The author of Wrinkles in Time, George Smoot, said, Night after night Hubble photographed the nebulae, devoting himself to his goal so completely that he was perceived as arrogant and elitist (44). Unable to complete his any tasks on his own, Hubble hired an assistant. He hired Sandage. Sandage would work with Hubble and learn techniques that Hubble used to hopefully do research of his own in the future. Hubble taught Sandage how to classify galaxies so he could continue Hubbles work. As Hubble age, he was unable to use the telescope any more. He didnt have the strength or energy to stay in the cage for long periods of time. So, he sent Sandage to carry out tasks for him. Everyday Sandage would be given coordinates or jobs by Hubble. When Sandage was done recording he data of his work, he would go back to Hubble and give him the results (Overbye 22). This shows how devoted he was to his research, even if he was unable to handle the job due to old age he compromised. All of Hubbles work and Sandage work was done on the 100-in telescope, yet Hubble was still able to find the Andromeda Nebulaes distance for the Milky Way and study red shifts. While the 200-in. telescope was being built, Hubble asked if he could use the telescope for half of its available time. This shows his devotion because he wanted to use the telescope in order to further enhance his research (17). Edwin Hubbles curiosity about the universe started at youth and has grown. Without this, he would have no desire to study the stars or galaxies. Hubbles interest in astronomy at the age of eight. On his eighth birthday party he spent the night with his grandfather star gazing (Freidman 16). When he was twelve years old he would ask his parents to seep outside and look at the stars at midnight with his friend Sam Shelton (18). His grandfather asked Hubble an astronomical question, and Hubble answered it so cleverly that his grandfather had is answer published in a newspaper (Whitney 222). This was the start of his great accomplishments to come. .u81c69eb034b3a6d7c3ece1fa665f81df , .u81c69eb034b3a6d7c3ece1fa665f81df .postImageUrl , .u81c69eb034b3a6d7c3ece1fa665f81df .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u81c69eb034b3a6d7c3ece1fa665f81df , .u81c69eb034b3a6d7c3ece1fa665f81df:hover , .u81c69eb034b3a6d7c3ece1fa665f81df:visited , .u81c69eb034b3a6d7c3ece1fa665f81df:active { border:0!important; } .u81c69eb034b3a6d7c3ece1fa665f81df .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u81c69eb034b3a6d7c3ece1fa665f81df { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u81c69eb034b3a6d7c3ece1fa665f81df:active , .u81c69eb034b3a6d7c3ece1fa665f81df:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u81c69eb034b3a6d7c3ece1fa665f81df .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u81c69eb034b3a6d7c3ece1fa665f81df .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u81c69eb034b3a6d7c3ece1fa665f81df .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u81c69eb034b3a6d7c3ece1fa665f81df .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u81c69eb034b3a6d7c3ece1fa665f81df:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u81c69eb034b3a6d7c3ece1fa665f81df .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u81c69eb034b3a6d7c3ece1fa665f81df .u81c69eb034b3a6d7c3ece1fa665f81df-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u81c69eb034b3a6d7c3ece1fa665f81df:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Personal Environmental Ethics EssayWhen Hubble was thirty years old, he worked at Wilsons Observatory to use the newly built 100-in telescope (Christianson 110). He noticed that there were faint emissions from nebulae and that he might be able to use these emissions as a ruler; from star to the Milky Way. He studied these emissions and concluded that they were blue stars. With this knowledge, he was able to use these stars in aiding him to measure their distances (Whitney 225). He was fascinated by Henrietta Leavitts work on Cepheids and he had to do his own research on them. Although finding the Cepheids in the galaxies were easier said than done, Hubble had to find them in remote galaxies. What he could find would enable him to get the calculations correct for measuring distances of nebulae away from the Milky Way (Moore 104). In this way Hubbles curiosity had a great impact on his career as an astronomer. In addition, Hubble had a talent that other astronomers lacked. This ability was mapping galaxies. He was able to calculate distances by using certain stars as and then finding where the galaxies were based on their distance from the Milky Way. He broke galaxies up into classes and gave them names depending on their appearance. There was one thing that limited Hubbles research, which was the telescope. The 100-in. telescope was not powerful enough to satisfy Hubbles need to explore the universe. Hubble used groups of bright stars, candles in the sky, to calculate the distances of the galaxies. First he had to choose what stars to use. It was all based on statistics, he would look at a group of stars and choose the brightest ones from that group. This was because he was have a more exact calculation with a lot of stars instead of one and because the brighter it is the easier it is seen to measure the distance of distant galaxies (Dressler 27). With this knowledge he put together the H ubbles Law, which said velocity equals Hubbles constant times the distance. There were many types of galaxies that Hubble studied. He was able to put them all in separate classifications. Three general groups were spiral, elliptical, and lenticular. These galaxies were classified by their shape, size and the way that they morphed. The galaxies were also split into galactic or nongalactic. Hubble found that he could further classify galaxies by using the Franhoter lines, like finger printing to distinguish types of galaxies and the make up of the stars in the galaxies. He observed and mapped the galaxies in a systematical way. Hubble was an expert at using the telescope. This was the key to mapping galaxies. Other scientist said The Hooker was put to its finest use by Edwin P. Hubble during the 1970s. (Boslough). Hubble looked at one picture for thirty minutes before taking it in order for it to come out detailed. Being devoted to his research, curious about the universe, and having the expertise at mapping galaxies enabled Hubble to impact the scientific world of the twentieth century. He had constant effort that kept him on the right track. His go out and get it attitude allowed him to reach and finish his goals. In addition, his curious mind that was ready to be filled with knowledge and his skills at mapping galaxies and breaking them into categories. Hubble was able to impact the scientific world and also able to give the scientific world a big leap to exploring the universe. BibliographyAlter, Dinsmore, Clarence H. Cleminsha, and John G. Phillips. The Nebulae of Our Galaxy. Pictorial Astronomy. 4th rev. Ed. New York: Crowell, 1974. .u1bbebc5ca7d9b2f01f96672797de21a3 , .u1bbebc5ca7d9b2f01f96672797de21a3 .postImageUrl , .u1bbebc5ca7d9b2f01f96672797de21a3 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u1bbebc5ca7d9b2f01f96672797de21a3 , .u1bbebc5ca7d9b2f01f96672797de21a3:hover , .u1bbebc5ca7d9b2f01f96672797de21a3:visited , .u1bbebc5ca7d9b2f01f96672797de21a3:active { border:0!important; } .u1bbebc5ca7d9b2f01f96672797de21a3 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u1bbebc5ca7d9b2f01f96672797de21a3 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u1bbebc5ca7d9b2f01f96672797de21a3:active , .u1bbebc5ca7d9b2f01f96672797de21a3:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u1bbebc5ca7d9b2f01f96672797de21a3 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u1bbebc5ca7d9b2f01f96672797de21a3 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u1bbebc5ca7d9b2f01f96672797de21a3 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u1bbebc5ca7d9b2f01f96672797de21a3 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u1bbebc5ca7d9b2f01f96672797de21a3:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u1bbebc5ca7d9b2f01f96672797de21a3 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u1bbebc5ca7d9b2f01f96672797de21a3 .u1bbebc5ca7d9b2f01f96672797de21a3-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u1bbebc5ca7d9b2f01f96672797de21a3:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: German Review Of Benjamin Barber EssayBoslough, John. Stephen Hawkings Universe: An Introduction to the most remarkable Scientist of Our Time. New York: Morrow, 1984. Branley, Franklyn.The Milky Way: Galaxy Number One. New York: Crowell: 1969. Christian, Gale E. Edwin Hubble: Mariner of the Nebulae. New York: Farrows, 1995. Dressler, Alan. Voyage to the Great Attractor: Exploring Intergalactic Space. New York: KNOPF, 1995. Filkin, David. Stephen Hawkings Universe: The Cosmos Explained. New York: Basic, 1997. Gleiser, Marcalo. The Dancing Universe: From Creation Myths to the Big Bang. New York: Dutton, 1997. Goudwin, Simon. Hubbles Universe. New York: Penguin, 1997. Greenstein, George. The symbolic Universe: Life and Mind in the Cosmos. New York: Morrow, 1988. Hawkings, Stephen W.A Brief History of Time: From the Big Bangs to Black Holes. New York: Bantams, 1988. Smoot, George. Wrinkles in Time. New York: Morrow, 1993. Whitney, Charles A. The Discovery of Our Galaxy. Ames: Iowa State UP, 1988.